KPV

Description

KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) corresponding to the C-terminal three amino acids (238–240) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). It was identified as the minimal active fragment of alpha-MSH responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties, without the melanogenic (skin-darkening) effects of the full alpha-MSH sequence. KPV has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in multiple models of gut inflammation including IBD, colitis, and intestinal permeability disorders. A key advantage of KPV is its ability to directly penetrate the intestinal epithelium when administered orally, making it particularly effective for gut-specific inflammation. It is also used systemically via injection for broader anti-inflammatory applications and is a component of the KLOW Blend.

Key Characteristics

Investigated Benefits

• Potent anti-inflammatory action
• NF-κB inhibition
• Skin anti-inflammatory effects
• Gut healing and IBD support
• Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines

* Benefits based on preclinical/animal research unless otherwise noted.

Mechanism of Action

“A C-terminal fragment of alpha-MSH with potent anti-inflammatory and gut-healing properties through MC1R activation.”

KPV activates melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R) expressed on immune cells, intestinal epithelial cells, and neurons. MC1R is a Gs-coupled GPCR; its activation elevates cAMP, which activates PKA and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway — the master regulator of inflammatory gene expression. By blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation, KPV reduces the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. In the gut, KPV’s ability to penetrate the intestinal epithelium directly (via PepT1 transporter) means it can act on subepithelial immune cells without requiring systemic absorption, providing localized gut anti-inflammatory effects. It also appears to stabilize the intestinal tight junction barrier, reducing gut permeability and supporting mucosal healing.

Reconstitution Guide

Add 2 mL bacteriostatic water to 10 mg vial → 5 mg/mL

Research Highlights

1. 1Demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in IBD models
2. 2Reduced colitis severity in animal studies
3. 3Shown to penetrate intestinal epithelium directly

Compatible Peptides

Peptides commonly used alongside KPV for synergistic effects.